Andrology is a medical specialty dealing with male health, particularly to problems relating with all aspects of the male reproductive system. Andrology pertains to men just as Gynecology pertains to women. Disorders covered under Andrology are unique to men & have been studied as a distinct subject since the late 1960s. Most common male-specific medical & surgical procedures of this healthcare branch include Orchidopexy, Vasectomy, Vasovasostomy (Vasectomy Reversal), Circumcision as well as intervention to deal with functions & diseases concerning penis, seminal vesicles, testes, prostate, epididymis, vas deferens & adrenal glands.

Andrologists are urologists who focus entirely on the treatment of conditions affecting male fertility and sexuality, rather than practicing a broader form of urology. This specialty includes the treatment of physical conditions affecting the genitalia, such as undescended testes, as well as injuries and diseases that can affect fertility or sexual function.

Health conditions such as heart disease, high blood pressure and kidney failure can all decrease sexual function, so andrologists collaborate with caregivers in those fields. They also harvest sperm for in-vitro fertilization, when reproductive or sexual ability is impaired, or perform vasectomies when reproductive capacity is no longer desired.